Basics of 'R' Programming

Arithmetic Operators in R
 R has the following arithmetic operators:

    Addition: +
    Subtraction: -
    Multiplication: *
    Division: /
    Exponentiation: ^
    Modulo: %%

The last two might need some explanation:

    The ^ operator raises the number to its left to the power of the number to its right: for example 3^2 is 9.
    The modulo returns the remainder of the division of the number to the left by the number on its right, for example 5 modulo 3 or 5 %% 3 is 2.









Basic data types in R

R works with numerous data types. Some of the most basic types to get started are:

    Decimals values like 4.5 are called numerics.
    Natural numbers like 4 are called integers. Integers are also numerics.
    Boolean values (TRUE or FALSE) are called logical (TRUE can be abbreviated to T and FALSE to F).
    Text (or string) values are called characters.

Note how the quotation marks on the right indicate that "some text" is a character.